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Diabetes autoantibodies

are signs of an autoimmune process in the body that can be detected in the blood before the onset of type 1 diabetes. The antibodies are built by the immune system and are a marker that there may be an immune response to the insulin producing cells in the pancreas. This response can lead to diabetes.
Diabetes risk genes
 are genes that are often present in people who have developed or will develop diabetes.
Placebo is a drug or treatment without any pharmaceutical effect.